[ Author Index | Subject Index ]
The Modern Library contains material written during or after 1970, which tends to be more scholarly than Kiosk material.
Ilhan Arsel Din Adamlari Bolum09
Kadin’i “Aklen ve Dinen Dun” Nitelikte Göstermek ve Her Hususta Küçültmek Suretiyle Toplumsal Geriliklerimize Neden Olan Seriat Düzeni’nin Uygulayicisi Olarak Din Adami. I) Din adamlari seriat’in kadini “Aklen ve dinen dun” ve “iradece kit” yaratilmis ve bu nedenle “amme velayeti islerine getirilemez” seklinde gören hükümlerinin en kararli uygulayicsidirlar. II) Kadin sinifini küçültücü, özgürlükten yok edici […]
Who Was the Historical Jesus?
The Pre-Canonical Synoptic Transmission: Who Was the Historical Jesus? The biblical tradition places Jesus’ birth in Palestine at the town of Nazareth “in the days of Herod, king of Judea” (Lk. 1:5). We do know that Herod reigned from 40 BCE to his death in 4 BCE, so Jesus was born no later than 4 […]
Jeff Lowder Jesus Resurrection Chap1
Introduction I am an agnostic at a Christian university. Since enrolling at Seattle Pacific University, I have been challenged by several of my Christian friends to investigate the historical evidence for Christianity. In particular, they challenged me to investigate the evidence for the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, as a historical event. Although I was […]
Jeff Lowder Jury Chap8
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Jim Meritt Bible Contradictions
Note: Jim Meritt’s “A List of Biblical Contradictions” is no longer available. It has been superseded by Donald Morgan’s “Bible Inconsistencies – Bible Contradictions.” You will be automatically redirected there in a few seconds–or click here to go there now.
Ken Saladin Saladin Gish2 Feedback
Response to Feedback (1996) Ken Saladin Dear Friends, I’ve had a number of questions ever since my 1988 debate with Gish was posted on the Web. It’s been difficult getting time to answer, partly because of a giganormous publishing commitment with a tight deadline that I’m under right now, and partly because a lot […]
Kyle Gerkin Objections Sustained Obj3
Objection #3: Evolution Explains Life, So God Isn’t Needed (2001) (Interview w/ Walter L. Bradley, Ph.D.) Kyle J. Gerkin This objection is extremely poorly phrased. From a reading of the chapter, it is clear that Strobel’s phrasing, "Evolution Explains Life" means more specifically, evolution explains the origin of life or how evolution was able […]
Mark Vuletic Bigbang
Does Big Bang Cosmology Prove the Universe Had a Beginning? (2000) Mark I. Vuletic There are a number of arguments for the existence of God which depend, at least in part, upon the notion that the universe had a beginning. Sometimes apologists appeal to Big Bang cosmology to support that notion. For instance, according to […]
Mark Vuletic Natures Destiny
Book Review: Michael J. Denton. 1998. Nature’s Destiny: How the Laws of Biology Reveal Purpose in the Universe. New York: The Free Press. xix+454 pages. Mark I. Vuletic 1. Introduction. Michael J. Denton argues for many things in his most recent book, but the thesis which occupies center stage is the thesis that the cosmos […]
Mathew Intro
An Introduction to Atheism (1997) mathew Traducción al Español / Spanish translation (Off Site) Português / Portuguese translation (Off Site) | Danish translation (Off Site) | Russian translation Foreword This article attempts to provide a general introduction to atheism. Whilst I have tried to be as neutral as possible regarding contentious issues, you should always remember that […]
Matthew Green Resurrection
Review of The Resurrection of Christ (2008) Matthew Green Review: Gerd Lüdemann. 2004. The Resurrection of Christ: A Historical Inquiry. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. 248 pp. I am always pleased to read of people who have left the Christian faith and why they have left it. Of particular fascination are scholars who once considered […]
Michael Martin Disproof
[Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in Darshana 10 (1970): 22-26. The page numbers below show the position of the text within that pagination scheme.] ________________________________________ 22 A Disproof of God’s Existence (1970) Michael Martin In this paper I present a disproof of the existence of God. Such a disproof does not disprove the […]
Michael Martin Meaningless
Positive Atheism and the Meaninglessness of Theism (1999) Michael Martin In Part I of Atheism: A Philosophical Justification I argued that sentences about the existence of God are factually meaningless, hence, they are neither true nor false. However, in Part II of this book I maintained that if the sentences about God are not […]
Michael Martin Wager
[Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in Religious Studies 19 (1983): 57-64. The page numbers below show the position of the text within that pagination scheme.] ________________________________________ 57 Pascal’s Wager as an Argument for Not Believing in God (1984) Michael Martin Can Pascal’s wager for the existence of God be turned against the religious […]
Michael Moore Weak
We Are Too Weak to Walk Unaided A Family Therapist View of the Pathogenic Aspects of Prayer (2000) Michael Moore Technion — Israel Institute of Technology Daniela Kramer Oranim Teachers’ College Israel Author Note Michael Moore, Department of Education in Science and Technology; Daniela Kramer, Division of Psychology. The quotation in the title comes from […]
Nontheism Atheism Arguments
Arguments for Atheism In this section, “arguments for atheism” means “arguments for the nonexistence of God.” (Worried about the logic of “proving a negative”? Click here.) In the jargon of the philosophy of religion, such arguments are known as “atheological arguments.” The argument from evil (sometimes referred to as ‘the problem of evil’) is by […]
Nontheism Atheism Language
Meaningfulness of Religious Language The atheism section of the Modern Library is maintained by Jeffery Jay Lowder <Jeff Lowder>. No essays available at this time
Nontheism Naturalism Pluralistic
Pluralistic Naturalism There are two main kinds of naturalism: materialism and pluralistic naturalism. Materialism, or physicalism, is a “monistic” form of naturalism in that it maintains that only one basic kind of stuff exists–physical stuff. Pluralistic naturalism, by contrast, combines naturalism with ontological pluralism, the idea that there is more than just one basic kind […]
Paul Draper Intro3
Introduction to Section Three: Science and the Cosmos (2008) Paul Draper Sometimes philosophers defend conventional wisdom, but it’s always more fun when they challenge it; and that’s exactly what both of the interlocutors do in our third debate. Consider the following two examples of conventional wisdom about religion. (1) According to conventional (proreligious) wisdom, […]
Paul Obrien Gentle Atheism16
The concern I have about the preceding discussion is that it makes the nonrational aspects of our religious beliefs sound like these ideas that we just "shop" for or choose easily, as if beliefs automatically obeyed the will. But oftentimes it is not at all clear that we can just pick and choose certain beliefs; […]
Peter Kirby Tomb Dependence
Dependence on Mark We have seen that there is no mention of the empty tomb story in early Christian writings outside of the four gospels. This situation is made worse if the evangelists do not demonstrate any independence in reporting this story. This would be somewhat strange because, were the story historical, it would […]
Quentin Smith Causation
[This article was originally published in Philosophical Topics, Volume 21, Number 1, Spring 1996, pp. 169-191.] CAUSATION AND THE LOGICAL IMPOSSIBILITY OF A DIVINE CAUSE* (1996) Quentin Smith Western Michigan University 1. Introduction Some interesting light is thrown on the nature of causation, the origin of the universe, and arguments for atheism if we […]
Radio 2000
Produced for the Secular Web by T.J. Walker at TJWalker.com. § Infidel Interview with James Still Who are the Internet Infidels? Interview with James Still as president of the Internet Infidels, covering who we are, what we’re trying to accomplish, and our philosophy. [Listen] [Download RealAudio Player] Jan 31: Infidel Interview with Ed Buckner Ed […]
Addendum C: The First Life
Bad Science, Worse Philosophy: the Quackery and Logic-Chopping of David Foster’s The Philosophical Scientists (2000) Richard Carrier The following material was updated in 2006, in light of the publication of Richard Carrier’s article, “The Argument from Biogenesis: Probabilities against a Natural Origin of Life,” Biology & Philosophy 19.5 (November, 2004), pp. 739-64. An important discussion […]
Richard Carrier Carrier Oconnell Bios
Who We Are (2008) Welcome to On Paul’s Theory of Resurrection: The Carrier-O’Connell Debate. Here Richard and Jake explain who they are. Richard Carrier: Richard Carrier has a Ph.D. in ancient history from Columbia University. He specializes in ancient science and religion, and has written on early Christianity both online and in print. He […]
Richard Carrier Carrier Wanchick Carrier3
Carrier’s Second Rebuttal (2006) Wanchick Gets It Wrong Basic Argument for Naturalism (BAN) Wanchick thinks I “beg the question” when claiming scientific methods are the most reliable ones known for resolving questions of fact. Evidence of the superiority of science in ascertaining the truth in every matter of fact is so vast and undeniable […]
Richard Carrier Foster11
Bad Science, Worse Philosophy: the Quackery and Logic-Chopping of David Foster’s The Philosophical Scientists (2000) 11. Conclusion Richard Carrier Religionists are faced with the daunting sophistication, accuracy, and success of science, which can predict and explain everything it can study in terms so mathematically precise that nowhere can be found those ambiguities which […]
Richard Carrier Howto
What Do We Do When Some Theist We Don’t Know Sends Us E-mail? (1997) Richard Carrier The Basic Guidelines 1) Always respond. 2) If the letter was abusive or childish, politely but curtly say so, and that you wish to have no further contact with such a rude and immoral person, or else you […]
Richard Carrier Improbable Persecuted
Was Christianity Too Improbable to be False? (2006) [See Introduction] Richard Carrier 8. Who Would Want to be Persecuted? 8.1 Social Foundations of Martyrdom 8.2 Paul and Tertullian 8.3 Where Holding Gets It Wrong 8.4 Where Holding Gets It Right 8.1. Social Foundations of Martyrdom James Holding rightly downplays the issue of martyrdom, since legend and […]
Richard Carrier Indef 4e
Craig’s Empty Tomb & Habermas on Visions (1999, 2005) Richard Carrier [Part 4E of a larger Review of In Defense of Miracles.] The Resurrection of Jesus Two chapters are devoted to the resurrection of Jesus. First, Craig argues that Jesus was miraculously resurrected and that we can know this from an analysis of […]