John Locke Locke 2 15

Chapter XV Ideas of Duration and Expansion, considered together 1. Both capable of greater and less. Though we have in the precedent chapters dwelt pretty long on the considerations of space and duration, yet, they being ideas of general concernment, that have something very abstruse and peculiar in their nature, the comparing them one with […]

John Locke Locke 2 14

Chapter XIV Idea of Duration and its Simple Modes 1. Duration is fleeting extension. There is another sort of distance, or length, the idea whereof we get not from the permanent parts of space, but from the fleeting and perpetually perishing parts of succession. This we call duration; the simple modes whereof are any different […]

John Locke Locke 2 13

Chapter XIII Complex Ideas of Simple Modes:- and First, of the Simple Modes of the Idea of Space 1. Simple modes of simple ideas. Though in the foregoing part I have often mentioned simple ideas, which are truly the materials of all our knowledge; yet having treated of them there, rather in the way that […]

John Locke Locke 2 12

Chapter XII Of Complex Ideas 1. Made by the mind out of simple ones. We have hitherto considered those ideas, in the reception whereof the mind is only passive, which are those simple ones received from sensation and reflection before mentioned, whereof the mind cannot make one to itself, nor have any idea which does […]

John Locke Locke 2 11

Chapter XI Of Discerning, and other operations of the Mind 1. No knowledge without discernment. Another faculty we may take notice of in our minds is that of discerning and distinguishing between the several ideas it has. It is not enough to have a confused perception of something in general. Unless the mind had a […]

John Locke Locke 2 10

Chapter X Of Retention 1. Contemplation. The next faculty of the mind, whereby it makes a further progress towards knowledge, is that which I call retention; or the keeping of those simple ideas which from sensation or reflection it hath received. This is done two ways. First, by keeping the idea which is brought into […]

John Locke Locke 2 1

BOOK II Of Ideas Chapter I Of Ideas in general, and their Original 1. Idea is the object of thinking. Every man being conscious to himself that he thinks; and that which his mind is applied about whilst thinking being the ideas that are there, it is past doubt that men have in their minds […]

John Locke Locke 1 3

Chapter III Other considerations concerning Innate Principles, both Speculative and Practical 1. Principles not innate, unless their ideas be innate. Had those who would persuade us that there are innate principles not taken them together in gross, but considered separately the parts out of which those propositions are made, they would not, perhaps, have been […]

John Locke Locke 1 2

BOOK I Neither Principles nor Ideas Are Innate Chapter I No Innate Speculative Principles 1. The way shown how we come by any knowledge, sufficient to prove it not innate. It is an established opinion amongst some men, that there are in the understanding certain innate principles; some primary notions, koinai ennoiai, characters, as it […]

John Locke Locke 1 1

Chapter II No Innate Practical Principles 1. No moral principles so clear and so generally received as the forementioned speculative maxims. If those speculative Maxims, whereof we discoursed in the foregoing chapter, have not an actual universal assent from all mankind, as we there proved, it is much more visible concerning practical Principles, that they […]

John Locke Intro

AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING As thou knowest not what is the way of the Spirit, nor how the bones do grow in the womb of her that is with child: even so thou knowest not the works of God, who maketh all things. — Eccles. 11. 5. Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire […]

John Locke Human Understanding

Human Understanding John Locke 1690 AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING by John Locke TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD THOMAS, EARL OF PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY, BARRON HERBERT OF CARDIFF, LORD ROSS, OF KENDAL, PAR, FITZHUGH, MARMION, ST. QUINTIN, AND SHURLAND; LORD PRESIDENT OF HIS MAJESTY'S MOST HONOURABLE PRIVY COUNCIL; AND LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF […]

John Locke Epistle

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding EPISTLE TO THE READER I HAVE put into thy hands what has been the diversion of some of my idle and heavy hours. If it has the good luck to prove so of any of thine, and thou hast but half so much pleasure in reading as I had in […]

John Locke Dedication

AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING by John Locke 1690 TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD THOMAS, EARL OF PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY, BARRON HERBERT OF CARDIFF, LORD ROSS, OF KENDAL, PAR, FITZHUGH, MARMION, ST. QUINTIN, AND SHURLAND; LORD PRESIDENT OF HIS MAJESTY’S MOST HONOURABLE PRIVY COUNCIL; AND LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF WILTS, AND OF SOUTH […]

John Kessler Giordano Bruno

Giordano Bruno: The Forgotten Philosopher by John J. Kessler, Ph.D., Ch.E.   Filosofo, arso vivo a Roma, PER VOLONTA DEL PAPA IL 17 FEBBRAIO 1600 In the year 1548 an Italian boy was born in the little town of Nola, not far from Vesuvius. Although, he spent the greater part of his life in hostile […]

John Gunn Church History

A Bit Of Church History by John W. Gunn One thousand Years ago, the church (Roman Catholic) claimed and, on the whole, effectually maintained supreme power in the affairs of Europe. The church punished with torture and death those who disagreed with its teachings. The church was the biggest grafting Institution — or, more plainly, […]

Joe Nickell Van Praagh

Review of Psychic Medium Van Praagh on CNN’s Larry King Live (1999) Joe Nickell [This article is exerpted from the June 8, 1999 Skeptical Inquirer Electronic Digest. Permission is granted by CSICOP to reprint this on the web.]   On-air seances are nothing new. Thirty years ago I arranged one in a dimly lit radio […]

Joe Nickell Miracles

Examining Miracle Claims Joe Nickell [“Examining Miracle Claims” was originally published in the March 1996 issue of Deolog.] Today’s widespread scientific illiteracy, even an outright attitude of anti-science, is concurrent with the spread of magical thinking even in our own relatively enlightened culture. With the rise of the “New Age” movement has come a resurgence […]

Jim Meritt Bible Contradictions

Note: Jim Meritt’s “A List of Biblical Contradictions” is no longer available. It has been superseded by Donald Morgan’s “Bible Inconsistencies – Bible Contradictions.” You will be automatically redirected there in a few seconds–or click here to go there now.

Jim Lippard Scaling

Critique of Moreland’s Scaling the Secular City Jim Lippard   The following appeared in The Frontline #27 (March 1990), a special issue on “Christian Books: Our Contributors Read Between the Lines.” Scaling the Secular City: A Defense of Christianity By J.P. Moreland, 1987, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House 267 pp., $12.95 paperback J.P. Moreland, […]

Jim Lippard Manrev

Man and Creation Review of Michael Bauman, editor, Man and Creation: Perspectives on Science and Theology, 1993, Hillsdale, Mich.: Hillsdale College Press, 306 pp., $9.95. (This was originally posted in four parts to the talk.origins newsgroup between January 2 and February 9, 1994.) Before Christmas I mentioned that I had recently obtained a copy of […]

Jim Lippard Is Jesus God

Critique of Maisel’s “Is Jesus God?” pamphlet Jim Lippard No reply to this letter was ever received. Jim Lippard Department of Philosophy University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 email removed June 8, 1993 John M. Maisel P.O. Box 795361 Dallas, TX 75379-5361 Dear Mr. Maisel: I am a doctoral candidate in philosophy majoring in epistemology […]

Jim Lippard Immortality

Critique of Moreland and Habermas’s Immortality Jim Lippard Department of Philosophy University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 May 19, 1993 Gary R. Habermas Dept. of Philosophy and Theology Liberty University 3765 Candlers Mountain Road Lynchburg, VA 24502 J.P. Moreland Talbot School of Theology Biola University 13800 Biola Ave. La Mirada, CA 90639 Dear Drs. Habermas […]

Jim Lippard Gishreview

Review of Creation Scientists Answer Their Critics Jim Lippard The following appeared in Perspectives in Science and Christian Faith, the journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, in the September 1994 issue (vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 193-195), and is reprinted here with the permission of the editor. (The title is mine and did not appear […]

The Fabulous Prophecies of the Messiah

Jim Lippard The Significance of Messianic Prophecy Birth Prophecies Ministry Prophecies Betrayal Prophecies Crucifixion Prophecies Conclusions Notes Acknowledgements References Postscript “The Old Testament … contains several hundred references to the Messiah. All of these were fulfilled in Christ and they establish a solid confirmation of his credentials as the Messiah.”         — Josh McDowell (1972), p. […]

Jerry Borchandt Skeptic

Skepticism and McDowell’s "Proof" Jerry Wayne Borchardt This is from The American Rationalist 27(July/August 1982). Copyright 1982 by The American Rationalist. The religionist may be foolish, but he must not be obviously foolish to himself. -Chapman Cohen Josh McDowell is a popular speaker, writer, and champion of biblical literalism. He is perhaps the most read […]

Jerry Borchandt Factor

Review of "The Resurrection Factor" by Josh McDowell (1982) Jerry Wayne Borchandt [Note: the following review originally appeared in the July/August 1982 issue of The American Rationalist.] Josh McDowell is fundamentalism’s popular apologist, proselyter, and propagandist. He is said to be a persuasive speaker on the secular college campus as well as a favorite writer […]

Jeremiah J Crowley Papal Despotism

Papal Despotism (Chapter VIII of Romanism) Father Jeremiah J. Crowley 1912 Nothing more startling has ever been put before the public than Rome’s recent resolutions of boycott of the Encyclopedia Britannica, Watson’s Magazine, the Protestant Magazine, the Menace, etc., and her attitude as Censor of the United States Mails. At the annual convention of the […]

Jennifer Roth Debate Roth

A Secular Case Against Abortion By Jennifer Roth   Introduction First of all, I’d like to thank Richard Carrier for agreeing to this debate, and the Internet Infidels for sponsoring it. I hope to find that this format will allow us to go beyond the soundbites and emotionalism that characterize all too many discussions of […]

Jeff Lowder Strobel2

Free Advertising Isn’t the Point Jeffery Jay Lowder August 2, 2000   Related documents: “The Rest of the Story” (2002) by Jeffery Jay Lowder Lowder’s review of Lee Strobel’s The Case for Christ. On July 13, 2000, I happened to be flipping through radio stations when I stumbled upon a talk radio show with a […]